Electrical reference

Reference tables and standards for electrical design: cable sizes, breaker ratings, GOST/IEC symbols, IP ratings and more.

Cable cross-sections and ampacity

Copper and aluminium cable ampacity table (IEC 60364): continuous current and power for single-phase and three-phase circuits.

Circuit breaker ratings

Standard breaker ratings (6–63 A), B/C/D tripping curves and selection by load type.

Electrical schematic symbols (GOST/IEC)

Graphic symbols for electrical diagrams (GOST 2.702 / IEC 60617): sockets, switches, lamps, breakers, RCDs, meters.

IP protection ratings

IP rating table (IEC 60529): dust and water protection. First and second digit meanings, examples for sockets, lamps and panels.

RCD types and selection

Residual current devices: types A/AC/B, trip current (10/30/100/300 mA), choosing an RCD for a home, RCD vs RCBO.

Earthing systems TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT

Earthing system types per IEC 60364: TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, IT — differences, pros, cons and applications.

Wire colour code

Wire colours per IEC 60446: phase, neutral, earth. Standard marking in single-phase and three-phase circuits, colours in different countries.

Breaker selectivity

What selectivity is and how to achieve it: current and time selectivity, choosing upstream and downstream breakers.

Generator selection: petrol or diesel

How to choose a generator for a home: petrol or diesel, single- or three-phase, power calculation, auto start (ATS), connection via transfer switch.

ATS and backup power

Automatic Transfer Switch: schemes, transfer times, PUE requirements, generator auto start, earthing.

UPS: types and selection

Uninterruptible power supplies: offline/line-interactive/online types, power and runtime calculation, batteries, selection for boilers and computers.

Solar power plants: types and calculation

Solar stations: on-grid, off-grid and hybrid; panel and inverter sizing, batteries, SPD protection and safety.

🌍 World electrical installation rules

PUE of Russia and the USSR, US NEC, IEC 60364 Europe, codes of Latin America, China and India: voltages, sockets, earthing, RCDs — in native languages with translation.

Data is for reference. Final design decisions must follow current regulations and a qualified engineer.